Place: Delivering Value through Distribution Strategy

Once you’ve created value through product design, branding, and pricing, it’s time to deliver that value. That’s what place (or distribution strategy) is all about. Distribution decisions are often invisible to customers, but they shape their experience with your brand at every step.

Why Place Matters

Where and how you sell your product isn’t just logistics—it’s strategy. Your choice of distribution channels affects three big things:

  1. Customer convenience

    Can people easily find and buy your product?

  2. Perceived value

    Premium products need premium environments. On the other hand, budget-friendly products need wide, easy access.

  3. Your profit margins

    The cost of different distribution channels affects how much you keep from every sale.

That’s because distribution impacts both benefits and costs—and together, those shape how customers calculate value.

Figure 5.4: Push versus Pull Promotion Strategies

Four Ways Distribution Adds Value

Good distribution does more than move products from A to B—it makes them worth more to customers by delivering the following:

  • Time utility: Product available when customers want it

  • Place utility: Product available where customers want it

  • Form utility: Product offered in the right format (bulk, single, packaged, etc.)

  • Possession utility: Smooth transfer of ownership (including payment options)

Strategy in Action: Apple’s Mastery of Distribution Utility

Apple is famous for sleek design and innovative technology—but its distribution strategy is just as masterful.

The turning point came in the early 2000s. Apple struggled with third-party retailers that poorly showcased its products and offered little customer support. Steve Jobs wanted more control over the buying experience, believing that a superior product needed a superior shopping experience to match.

In 2001, Apple opened its first branded retail stores. It was a bold move. Critics called it risky—Gateway had recently failed at a similar retail strategy. But Jobs and then-retail VP Ron Johnson (later famous for creating the Apple Store concept) had a different vision. The stores would focus on product experience, service, and customer education.

Utility

Time

“I can get it when I need it.”

Think: same-day delivery, seasonal availability

Apple’s online store and app make it possible to pre-order new products and get same-day delivery in some markets. New product launches are timed globally to maximize excitement and availability.

Place

“It’s right where I shop.”

Think: corner store, airport kiosk, website homepage

Apple Stores are located in high-traffic, premium retail locations. Even their design—sleek, open, and tech-forward—reinforces the brand’s value and accessibility.

Form

“It comes the way I want it.”

Think: travel-size shampoo, family-size cereal, gift wrap

Apple offers a variety of product formats and bundles, from entry-level devices to premium, customized options. Their accessories are designed to work seamlessly with core products, adding further value.

Possession

“I can actually buy it.”

Think: mobile payment, financing, subscriptions, free trials

Apple’s flexible payment plans (Apple Pay Later, trade-in options) and simplified online checkout remove barriers to purchase. Customers can spread out payments or upgrade easily.

Premium Buying Experience

Apple’s mastery of all four components of distribution utility not only boosts sales—it creates an effortless, premium buying experience that customers are willing to pay extra for.

References

AppleScoop. (2023, August). The history of Apple Stores: How Apple transformed tech retail. Retrieved from https://applescoop.org/story/the-history-of-apple-stores-how-apple-transformed-tech-retail

Supply Chain Game Changer. (2025, February). The Apple Store retail experience!. Retrieved from https://supplychaingamechanger.com/the-apple-store-retail-experience/

40 Visuals. (2025, March). Apple retail stores push the boundaries of visual merchandising. Retrieved from https://40visuals.com/apple-retail-stores-push-the-boundaries-of-visual-merchandising/

Your Channel Choices

Most products flow through one of three types of distribution channels.

Table 5.5
Distribution Channels
Channel Description Example
Direct Sold directly to customers (no middlemen) Apple’s online store
Indirect Sold through distributors, wholesalers, and retailers Coca-Cola at grocery stores
Mixed Use of both direct and indirect channels Nike sells online and through Foot Locker

Your choice depends on how your positioning and pricing line up with customer expectations and buying habits.

Choosing Your Distribution Intensity

Once you’ve picked a channel structure, you’ll also need to decide how widely you want your product distributed.

Table 5.6
Distribution Intensity
Intensity Description Example
Intensive Product is sold in as many outlets as possible Coca-Cola (convenience stores, vending machines, supermarkets)
Selective Product is sold through carefully chosen retailers Nike performance running shoes (sporting goods stores, specialty shops)
Exclusive Product is sold through a single or very limited number of outlets Tesla (sold through exclusive Tesla stores or online)
Pro Tip

Your channel structure (direct, indirect, mixed) answers where you’ll sell.

Your distribution intensity (intensive, selective, exclusive) answers how widely you’ll sell.

Distribution Strategy Must Fit Your Brand

Place decisions can reinforce or break your positioning.

  • Premium brands often use selective or exclusive distribution to maintain a sense of scarcity and luxury.

    Example: Ferrari limits the number of dealerships worldwide.

  • Mass-market brands rely on intensive distribution to drive volume.

    Example: Coca-Cola aims to be everywhere.

Strategy in Action: STAINMASTER Carpet—Using Distribution to Support a Premium Brand

In the late 1980s, DuPont introduced STAINMASTER carpet, the first carpet brand positioned around stain resistance backed by patented fiber technology. But they didn’t just rely on product innovation.

Dupont Chose Selective Distribution

Instead of selling STAINMASTER through every flooring retailer, they handpicked dealers who were willing to do the following:

  • Support premium pricing. To capture the value generated by the brand’s strong competitive angle—the first branded carpet that delivered on a promise of exceptional durability and cleanability—stores needed to be willing to support premium pricing.

  • Invest in in-store kiosks and comparison tools. Success hinged on the kiosks. When shoppers could directly compare STAINMASTER’s stain resistance to a leading competitor’s carpet in a live demonstration, they were convinced of the benefit and the brand promise.

  • Train sales associates to explain the benefits of stain-resistant technology. By handpicking dealers, DuPont also handpicked trusted spokespeople who could demonstrate the product, reinforce the brand promise, and maintain premium pricing.

Why Selective Distribution?

DuPont’s team (including STAINMASTER’s marketing leadership) knew that selling through every outlet would dilute the brand. Price competition could force retailers to discount STAINMASTER alongside generic options. Worse, untrained sales staff at low-service stores might fail to explain why the product was worth paying more.

By choosing selective partners, DuPont ensured the following:

  • The shopping experience reinforced the premium image.

  • Customers were educated about the technology and the long-term value of investing in stain resistance.

  • Retailers were motivated to maintain pricing integrity and avoid discounting wars.

DuPont Innovation

STAINMASTER quickly became the #1 premium carpet brand in the US, commanding higher prices and strong customer loyalty. Its success not only transformed the carpet industry but it also proved that distribution strategy can be as important as product innovation.

Here’s What that Teaches Us

DuPont’s selective distribution wasn’t just about controlling where the product was sold—it was a strategic move to protect premium pricing, reinforce brand positioning, and ensure customers understood the value behind the higher price.

References

Hagley Museum and Library. (n.d.). Charles H. DeMirjian collection of DuPont Company records on STAINMASTER. Retrieved from https://findingaids.hagley.org/repositories/3/resources/1145

Farris, P. W., Collins, B., & Culley, J. D. (1995, May 16). STAINMASTER (Darden Business Case No. M-0458). Darden School of Business, University of Virginia. https://store.darden.virginia.edu/stainmaster

Heads-Up: Where You Sell Can Limit Your Price

Your distribution and pricing strategies must work together. Put a premium product in a bargain store, and customers may resist a high price—even if the quality justifies it. Put a mass-market product in an exclusive store, and sales may suffer because shoppers expect higher-tier products.

Strategy in Action: Peloton—Exclusive Distribution Builds Premium Value

When Peloton launched its first connected stationary bike in 2014, it didn’t rush into mass retail. Instead, the company followed a selective and direct distribution strategy designed to protect its premium pricing and lifestyle brand image.

The Important Moves

  • Sold direct-to-consumer through its website, controlling the full customer experience and keeping high profit margins.

  • Opened branded showrooms in upscale shopping centers where trained staff could explain features, demonstrate the bike, and sell the lifestyle.

  • Limited third-party partnerships to retailers like Dick’s Sporting Goods and Amazon—but only after the brand was well-established and pricing integrity could be maintained.

Why not Walmart or Target early on?

Peloton knew that mass retail could dilute the brand’s exclusivity and force discounts incompatible with its premium pricing (bikes started around $2,000+).

Building a Loyal Customer Base

Peloton built a loyal customer base, maintained pricing power, and expanded into a full ecosystem (subscriptions, apparel, accessories)—all while staying in control of its distribution strategy.

Peloton Distribution Strategy—Stats & Timeline

  • Early Growth (2014–2019)

    Peloton focused exclusively on direct-to-consumer (DTC) distribution. They sold bikes and subscriptions directly through their website and a small network of showrooms located in upscale shopping malls and urban centers.

    • By 2019, they had 74 showrooms and over 1 million subscribers.

  • Why Showrooms?

    The showrooms provided hands-on experiences for a premium product that was difficult to evaluate online. Sales associates explained the value proposition, set up financing options, and often converted high-consideration shoppers into customers.

  • Third-Party Retail Expansion (2022 onward)

    Peloton delayed partnerships with third-party retailers until 2022. It then began selling select equipment through Amazon and, later, Dick’s Sporting Goods.

    • Even then, Peloton limited the product selection and maintained premium pricing.

    • This move came as the company shifted strategy post-pandemic to expand reach without fully abandoning its DTC pricing and customer experience controls.

Pro Tip

Selective and direct distribution can reinforce brand value, protect margins, and create a premium customer experience that mass retailers can’t easily match.

References

Rangan, V. K., Corsten, D., Higgins, M., & Schlesinger, L. A. (2021, November–December). How direct-to-consumer brands can continue to grow. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2021/11/how-direct-to-consumer-brands-can-continue-to-grow

Ryan, J. (2022, August 24). Peloton to sell gear, apparel via Amazon as CEO retools strategy. Bloomberg. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-08-24/peloton-gets-a-boost-with-amazon-accord-for-sales-in-us-stores

Gurman, M. (2022, August 12). Peloton to cut jobs, raise prices, shut stores, and outsource operations. Bloomberg. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-08-12/peloton-pton-to-cut-jobs-raise-prices-shut-stores-and-outsource-operations

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